Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that can significantly impair functioning across the lifespan. It affects an estimated 5–10% of children and 2.5–5% of adults globally³. Primary care and behavioral health providers are often the first point of contact for individuals experiencing symptoms, making early identification and intervention crucial for improving long-term health and psychosocial outcomes. 

ADHD may present differently across age groups and settings. In children, observable symptoms often include difficulty sustaining attention, frequent interruptions, excessive movement or talking, and struggles with completing tasks or following directions. These behaviors often impact academic performance and social development. In adolescents and adults, ADHD may appear as disorganization, chronic lateness, restlessness, or difficulty managing time and responsibilities, and symptoms can interfere with relationships, education, and employment^1,2. 

Because ADHD symptoms overlap with other common concerns such as anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, or sleep disorders, providers should approach assessment with a comprehensive view of the patient’s emotional, cognitive, and functional presentation. Input from caregivers, teachers, or workplace supervisors can offer critical insight into how symptoms manifest across settings². ADHD is also frequently comorbid with other conditions, including mood disorders, substance use, and oppositional behaviors, which may influence both diagnosis and treatment. 

Evidence-based management of ADHD typically includes a multimodal approach that combines behavioral strategies, psychoeducation, structured support systems, and, when appropriate, medication^1,4. For children and adolescents, coordinated care involving families, schools, and behavioral specialists is essential. In adults, functional support strategies such as coaching, therapy, or workplace accommodations are often necessary to sustain gains. Across all age groups, ongoing follow-up allows providers to monitor progress, adjust treatment plans, and respond to evolving needs.